Complexation of Cd, Ni,and Zn by DOC in polluted groundwater: A comparisonof approaches using resin exchange, aquifer material sorption, and computer speciation models (WHAM and MINTEQA2)

Complexation of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) by dissolved organ ic carbon (DOC) in leachate-polluted groundwater was measured using a resin equilibrium method and an aquifer material sorption technique. The first m ethod is commonly used in complexation studies, white the second method bet ter represents aquifer conditions. The two approaches gave similar results. Metal-DOC complexation was measured over a range of DOC concentrations usi ng the resin equilibrium method, and the results were compared to simulatio ns made by two speciation models containing default databases on metal-DOC complexes (WHAM and MINTEQA2). The WHAM model gave reasonable estimates of Cd and Ni complexation by DOC for both leachate-polluted groundwater sample s.: The estimated effect of complexation differed less than 50% from the ex perimental values corresponding to a deviation on the activity of the free metal ion of a factor of 2.5. The effect of DOC complexation for Zn was lar gely overestimated by the WHAM model, and it was found that using a binding constant of 1.7 instead of the default value of 1.3 would improve the fit between the simulations and experimental data. The MINTEQA2 model gave reas onable predictions of the complexation of Cd and Zn by DOG, whereas deviati ons in the estimated activity of the free Ni2+ ion as compared to experimen tal results are up to a factor of 5.