Af. Davis et al., Kinetics of synaptotagmin responses to Ca2+ and assembly with the core SNARE complex onto membranes, NEURON, 24(2), 1999, pp. 363-376
The synaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin I binds Ca2+ and is required for
efficient neurotransmitter release. Here, we measure the response time of
the C2 domains of synaptotagmin to determine whether synaptotagmin is fast
enough to function as a Ca2+ sensor for rapid exocytosis. We report that sy
naptotagmin is "tuned" to sense Ca2+ concentrations that trigger neuronal e
xocytosis. The speed of response is unique to synaptotagmin I and readily s
atisfies the kinetic constraints of synaptic vesicle membrane fusion. We fu
rther demonstrate that Ca2+ triggers penetration of synaptotagmin into memb
ranes and simultaneously drives assembly of synaptotagmin onto the base of
the ternary SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein [NSF]
attachment receptor) complex, near the transmembrane anchor of syntaxin. Th
ese data support a molecular model in which synaptotagmin triggers exocytos
is through its interactions with membranes and the SNARE complex.