Harvey Cushing at Johns Hopkins

HARVEY CUSHING BEGAN surgical training with William Halsted at Johns Hopkin s in 1896. Gushing joined the Johns Hopkins faculty in 1900 and spent 1 yea r in Europe in the laboratory of Theodore Kocher. He returned to Johns Hopk ins, where he founded neurosurgery as an independent specialty, established the concept of the clinician scientist, discovered the hormonal properties of the pituitary gland and founded endocrinology, introduced intra-operati ve x-rays into surgical practice, introduced blood pressure monitoring into the operating room, and wrote the first definitive text on neurosurgery. A lthough there have been many pioneers in our field, Gushing, more than anyo ne else, developed neurosurgery as a specialty and left a legacy of talente d neurosurgeons to develop and expand the field.