Storage temperatures of out-of-hospital medications

Objectives: To determine whether temperatures inside drug boxes used in the out-of-hospital setting are within the U.S. Pharmacopeia rec ommendations for "controlled room temperature," which is defined as a temperature mainta ined between 15 degrees C and 30 degrees C with a mean kinetic temperature less than 25 degrees C, and to determine whether time-temperature indicator labels can reliably monitor mean kinetic temperatures. Methods: Two method s were used to monitor temperatures: miniature electronic temperature recor ders and color-changing time-temperature indicator labels. These were place d in drug storage boxes of advanced life support units over three summer mo nths and two winter months. Results: In summer, the electronic recorders lo gged temperatures exceeding 30 degrees C in all drug storage boxes, ranging from 3% to 29% of the total time. The mean kinetic temperatures by locatio n for the whole period ranged from 21 degrees C to 30 degrees C. In the win ter, the electronic recorders logged temperatures exceeding 30 degrees C at one location 2% of the total time. There were significant temperature excu rsions below 15 degrees C at all locations, ranging from 16% to 90% of the total time. At one location, there were temperature readings below 0 degree s C for 9% of the total time. The mean kinetic temperatures obtained from t he electronic recorders and the indicator labels differed by less than 1 de grees C. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that out-of-hospital medicati ons are subject to temperatures both above and below recommended storage te mperatures. Time-temperature indicator labels can reliably monitor exposure to elevated temperatures.