Our concerns fall into three areas: (1) Barsalou fails to make clear what s
imulators are (vs. what they do); (2) activation of perceptual areas of the
brain during thought does not distinguish between the activation's being c
onstitutive of concepts or a mere causal consequence (Barsalou needs the fo
rmer); and (3) Barsalou's attempt to explain how modal symbols handle abstr
action fails.