Various defenses of amodal symbol systems are addressed, including amodal s
ymbols in sensory-motor areas, the causal theory of concepts, supramodal co
ncepts, latent semantic analysis, and abstracted amodal symbols. Various as
pects of perceptual symbol systems are clarified and developed, including p
erception, features, simulators, category structure, frames, analogy, intro
spection, situated action, and development. Particular attention is given t
o abstract concepts, language, and computational mechanisms.