Forest fragmentation in central Amazonia and its effects on litter-dwelling ants

We assessed responses of ants nesting in twigs in the litter layer to habit at changes associated with forest fragmentation in central Amazonia. Ants w ere collected along transects located at nine distances (5, 20, 40, 60, 100 , 200, 300, 400, 500 m) from the edges of two isolated 100-ha fragments and two continuous-forest sites. In total, 2880 m(2) or litter were examined f or the presence of ant colonies. We detected a significant decrease in litt er depth with increasing distance to forest edge, and an increase and then decrease in the average diameter-at-breast-height (DBH) of large trees (DBH greater than or equal to 10 cm), and in tree basal area. Distance to fores t edge significantly affected ant species composition and this effect was p artly attributable to variation in litter depth. With the exception of one fragment, no significant changes in ant nest densities or species richness were found with increasing distance to forest edge. However species richnes s of ants was greater in continuous forest than in both fragments. Furtherm ore, most species (65.8%) had greater nest densities in continuous forest. These results suggest that edge and isolation effects both play a role in s tructuring litter-dwelling ant communities in Amazonian forest remnants. (C ) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.