Dynamics of letter string perception in the human occipitotemporal cortex

The inferior occipitotemporal brain areas, especially in the left hemispher e, have been shown to be involved in the processing of written words and le tter strings. This processing probably occurs within 200 ms after presentat ion of the letter string. It has also been suggested that this activation m ay differ between fluent and dyslexic readers, Using whole-head magnetoence phalography, we studied the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain processes evok ed by visually presented letter strings in 12 healthy adult subjects. Our a chromatic stimuli consisted of rectangular patches in which single letters, two-letter syllables, four-letter words, or symbol strings of equal length were embedded and to which variable noise was added, This manipulation dis sociated three different response patterns, The first of these patterns too k place similar to 100 ms after stimulus onset, originated in areas surroun ding the V1 cortex and was distributed along the ventral visual stream, ext ending laterally as far as V4v, This response was systematically modulated by noise but was insensitive to the stimulus content, suggesting involvemen t in early visual analysis. The second pattern took place similar to 150 ms after stimulus onset and was concentrated in the inferior occipitotemporal region with left-hemisphere dominance. This activation showed a preference for letter strings, and its strength and timing correlated with the speed at which the subjects were able to read words aloud. The third pattern also occurred in the time window similar to 150 ms after stimulus onset, but or iginated mainly in the right occipital area, Like the second pattern, it wa s modulated by string length, but showed no preference for letters compared with symbols. The present data strongly support the special role of the le ft inferior occipitotemporal cortex in visual word processing within 200 ms after stimulus onset.