The orthopaedic surgeon and manufacturing industry relationship - Ethical guidelines

Orthopaedic surgery has progressed over the years because of innovative wor k of pioneering orthopaedic surgeons; new developments in internal fixation techniques and implants codeveloped with the orthopaedic manufacturing ind ustry have improved treatment greatly. This article analyzes and reviews th e relationship of orthopaedic surgeons to the orthopaedic implant industry, analyzing three broad categories of the relationship: (1) physicians recei ving gifts from industry; (2) the orthopaedic industry's financial support of educational and research endeavors of academic trauma and other centers; and (3) the relationship of the industry with innovators in the field of o rthopaedic surgery by retainer fees, royalties, and stock options from indu stry. The ethical relationship requires: (1) putting the patient's concerns first above vested interests; (2) an awareness of a potential for abuse; a nd (3) a level of awareness of the relationship and the ability to explain and inculcate this relationship in the teaching program of young residents to maintain the high standards that have been set.