Rn. Butler et al., Urinary incontinence: Primary care therapies for the older woman Part two of a roundtable discussion, GERIATRICS, 54(11), 1999, pp. 31
Work-up of the older woman with urinary incontinence includes a complete ph
ysical, pelvic and rectal examinations, and a neurologic exam. The primary
care physician can usually leave post-void residual testing to the speciali
st. Lab tests include urinalysis and urine culture, as well as basic blood
tests. If the patient is referred, the specialist may do other testing, suc
h as urodynamics or cystometry. The choice of therapy depends on the cause
and severity of each patient's symptoms. Primary care treatment options for
mild to moderate incontinence include pelvic muscle exercises, bladder ret
raining, and biofeedback-all of which can be taught by a physical therapist
. Other noninvasive treatments include estrogen replacement therapy and ant
icholinergic and other drug therapies.