Sa. Jensen et al., Comparison of the cleaning efficacy of passive sonic activation and passive ultrasonic activation after hand instrumentation in molar root canals, J ENDODONT, 25(11), 1999, pp. 735-738
The purpose of this study was to compare the cleaning-efficacy of passive u
ltrasonic activation with that of passive sonic activation after hand instr
umentation. Sixty curved molar canals were hand-instrumented to size 35 and
divided into three groups. Group 1 received no further treatment. Group re
ceived 3 min of passive sonic activation,Group 3 received 3 min of passive
ultrasonic activation. The roots were split and photomicrographs (x20) were
made of the apical 6 mm of canal. transparent grid was placed over project
ed images, and the total number of squares covering the apical 6 mm of cana
l space and the number: of squares containing debris were counted,:a debris
score was calculated for each specimen by dividing the number of squares w
ith debris by the total number of squares. The mean debris scores were 31.6
% for hand instrumentation only, 15.1% for the sonic group, and 16.7% for t
he ultrasonic group, The debris scores for the sonic and ultrasonic activat
ion groups were significantly lower than that for the hand instrumentation
only group (p < 0.01); however, there was no significant difference between
the sonic and ultrasonic activation groups. Passive sonics after hand inst
rumentation produces a cleaner canal than hand instrumentation alone and is
comparable with that of passive ultrasonics.