M. Molinari et A. Helenius, Glycoproteins form mixed disulphides with oxidoreductases during folding in living cells, NATURE, 402(6757), 1999, pp. 90-93
The formation of intra- and interchain disulphide bonds constitutes an inte
gral part of the maturation of most secretory and membrane-bound proteins i
n the endoplasmic reticulum(1,2). Evidence indicates that members of the pr
otein disulphide isomerase (PDI) superfamily are part of the machinery need
ed for proper oxidation and isomerization of disulphide bonds(3-6). Models
based on in vitro studies predict that the formation of mixed disulphide bo
nds between oxidoreductase and substrate is intermediate in the generation
of the native intrachain disulphide bond in the substrate polypeptide(7). W
hether this is how thiol oxidoreductases work inside the endoplasmic reticu
lum is not clear. Nor has it been established which of the many members of
the PDI superfamily interacts directly with newly synthesized substrate pro
teins, because transient mixed disulphides have never been observed in the
mammalian endoplasmic reticulum during oxidative protein folding(7,8). Here
we describe the mechanisms involved in co- and post-translational protein
oxidation in vivo. We show that the endoplasmic-reticulum-resident oxidored
uctases PDI and ERp57 are directly involved in disulphide oxidation and iso
merization, and, together with the lectins calnexin and calreticulin, are c
entral in glycoprotein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian ce
lls.