Kc. Shaing et al., Bifurcation and relaxation of radial electric field in enhanced reversed shear tokamak plasmas, PHYS REV L, 83(19), 1999, pp. 3840-3843
It is shown that toroidal magnetic field ripple induced thermal and fast io
n loss can drive the radial electric held to bifurcate over the local maxim
um of the parallel (or poloidal) viscosity. The subsequent plasma profile e
volution reduces the hot particle density and relaxes the radial electric f
ield. This behavior is consistent with the experimental observations in enh
anced reversed shear mode in tokamaks.