Denatured and fully reduced lysozyme and ribonuclease A were refolded in ba
tch and also in fed-batch operation. In fed-batch refolding of lysozyme, de
natured lysozyme was gradually added into refolding buffers containing urea
in the concentration range from 1.0 to 2.0 mol/l. The recoveries of the ly
sozyme activity in a fed-batch operation were higher than those in a batch
operation. In the case of ribonuclease A, high recoveries were obtained in
both batch and fed-batch operations. The recovery of the enzyme activity in
a fed-batch system was estimated from the values of the recovery in a batc
h operation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.