This paper presents some of the microanalytical problems and challenges in
minerals research and the geosciences in general. It deals with the evolvin
g possibilities for advanced analysis in the geological end mineralogical f
ield, with emphasis on ion-beam based techniques. The geosciences have a la
rge array of analytical techniques that they rely on, but there are still a
number of areas where problems persist. The different analytical technique
s have also been more complementary than competitive up to now, but this is
set to change as new techniques evolve and are optimized. The strengths an
d weaknesses of ion-beam techniques are highlighted, with emphasis on miner
als characterization.