Temporal changes in the anti-predator flocking behavior of wintering shorebirds

Anti-predator Rocking behavior was studied in a wintering population of sho rebirds (Charadriiformes) at Fraternidad Lagoon, Puerto Rico (12 degrees 30 'N, 57 degrees 03'W). Daily observations of flocking behavior were recorded when a raptor approached the foraging grounds. Raptor attacks Inter in the season resulted in Fewer birds being isolated from the Rock; isolated bird s were invariably chased by the predator, Anti-predator flocking reactions also changed with time, complex flashing, rippling and columnar nights were more common later in the season. It appears that individuals (probably juv eniles) gathered at common feeding grounds for some time gain the experienc e necessary to perform complex group anti-predator behaviors proficiently.