To determine whether the regulation of apoptosis in the testes of patients
with varicocele testes was abnormal, affecting germ-cell differentiation an
d sperm production, we studied apoptosis in the testes of normal men and in
fertile men with varicocele. In all, 56 testicular biopsy specimens were co
llected from 28 varicocele patients. The specimens from the testes of five
normal volunteers with informed consent were used as controls. In situ end-
labeled cells were counted with a CAS 200 image analyzer, and an apoptotic
index (AI) was calculated by division of the number of labeled cells by the
total number of spermatocytes and spermatogonia in over 20 seminiferous tu
bules. The apoptosis was also examined by electron microscope. The mean AI
was 9.67 +/- 0.93% in normal testes (n = 5). In contrast, the mean AIs dete
rmined in the right and left testes of varicocele patients (n = 28) were 3.
90 +/- 2.28% and 3.78 +/- 2.87%, respectively. The AIs recorded for the tes
tes of varicocele patients were significantly lower than those noted for no
rmal men (P < 0.05). In varicocele patients the AI obtained in the right te
stis was not statistically significantly different from that found in the l
eft testis. The numbers of apoptotic cells per Sertoli cell also decreased
in the testes of varicocele patients as compared with normal men (P < 0.01)
. Evaluation of all specimens, including the normal controls, revealed no s
ignificant correlation either between the AI and the sperm concentration on
the seminogram or between the AI and Johnsen's mean score. There was also
no relationship between the AI and the serum level of follicle-stimulating
hormone, lutenizing hormone, testosterone, or estradiol. In conclusion, apo
ptosis is decreased in germ cells in the testes of infertile men with varic
ocele as compared with normal men.