Total hip bone mineral density changes with several doses of 17 beta-estradiol and continuous combined 17 beta-estradiol and norethindrone acetate

Hip fractures are the major complication of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Es trogen therapy is effective in preventing bone loss following menopause, bu t long-term acceptance of therapy by patients is limited by dose-related si de effects. Lower doses of estrogen are associated with fewer side effects. We have demonstrated that low doses of 17 beta-estradiol alone and in comb ination with norethindrone acetate are effective in preserving bone mass in the total hip region in early postmenopausal women. This therapy is an att ractive approach to the prevention of bone loss and hip fracture risk in po stmenopausal women.