Purpose: To identify age-related changes in the auditory and vestibular sys
tems in normal older subjects followed serially over time.
Methods: Pure tone hearing levels, speech reception threshold, speech discr
imination scores, and vestibule-ocular responses were measured in 57 normal
older subjects (mean age, 82) on 5 yearly examinations.
Results: There was a significant (P < .001) increase in pure tone threshold
averages (about 1 dB per year) and speech reception threshold averages (ab
out 2 dB per year), and a significant (P < .001) decrease in discrimination
scopes (about 2% per year) over the 5 years of follow-up. There was a sign
ificant (P < .05) amplitude-dependent decrease in gain and increase in phas
e lead of the vestibule-ocular reflex and a significant (P < .01) decrease
in gain of visual-vestibular responses at low frequency sinusoidal stimulat
ion over the 5 examinations. Years 1 to 5 differences in individual subject
s were significantly (P < .01) correlated across auditory and vestibular te
sts, but not between auditory and vestibular tests (P > .01).
Conclusion: This is the first longitudinal study to show age-related decrea
ses in auditory and vestibular responses in normal older subjects. Because
the age-related changes in the auditory system were not correlated with age
-related changes in the vestibular system, the 2 systems may age at differe
nt rates in the same individual. These changes likely result from degenerat
ion in both peripheral and central structures, although age-related changes
in the central nervous system probably are more important from a functiona
l point of view. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company.