This article examines the effect that a poor structural context, what we te
rm an "environment of insecurity", has on the Kurdish ethnic nationalist mo
bilization in Turkey. The empirical evidence for this analysis is based on
data from the 1993 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey [TDHS]. The data p
rovide, to the best of our knowledge, the first reliable and representative
figures on the situation of Kurds in Turkey. Our key claim is that the Kur
dish population in Turkey is relatively much worse off than the Turkish pop
ulation in the country. This claim is strongly supported by the data. Many
other factors also account for the ethnic nationalist mobilization, but we
argue that the Turkish Kurds' environment of insecurity, materially and non
materially, stands out as a key package of both causal and intermediate var
iables behind the ethnic revival.