We have previously shown that breast-fed infants have a considerably larger
thymus at 4 months than formula-fed infants. The aim of the present study
was to investigate whether breast-feeding also influences the thymic size i
n late infancy. In a cohort of 50 infants, all being partially breast-fed w
hen recruited at 8 months, ultrasound assessment of the thymic index (a vol
ume estimate) was performed at both 8 and 10 months of age. At 10 months th
e thymic index was significantly higher in those still being breast-fed com
pared to infants who had stopped breast-feeding between 8 and 10 months of
age (P = 0.05). This difference became more significant when controlled for
the influence of infectious diseases (P = 0.03). In infants still breast-f
ed at 10 months then was a significant correlation between the number of br
east-feeds per day and their thymic index (P = 0.01).
Conclusion The effect of breast-feeding on thymus size is likely to be caus
ed by immune modulating factors in breast milk. Breast milk influences thym
ic size in late infancy.