Throughout the 1990s a significant change in the perception of environmenta
l problems has been taking place. This has led to a whole environment and w
hole life-cycle perspective. The paper reviews the current state of develop
ment of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and presents examples, from the authors
' case studies on timber products to illustrate how the technique addresses
and highlights several problems in environmental impact assessment. The pa
rticular case of painted timber window frames is discussed.