Parental employment, school climate, and children's academic and social development

Longitudinal data were used to examine the effects of parental employment s tatus and school climate on children's academic and social development. Hie rarchical regression, analyses of covariance, and latent growth modeling we re used to assess various aspects of change as a function of work status an d school climate with family income and education as control variables. Par ental employment was associated with positive changes in social and academi c progress even after cent-rolling for prior developmental level, climate, and family income although effects were small and complex. School climate h ad minimal effect on the outcome variables. Income and education were relat ed to various school outcomes.