When quantifying imposer in Nucella lapillus, two indices are used: the Vas
Deferens Sequence Index (VDSI) and the Relative Penis Size Index (RPSI). F
reezing and thawing increase the length of the penis in both male and femal
e Nucella lapillus. In the population studied, this had no significant effe
ct on the RPSI, but was potentially an important source of additional varia
nce in the estimation of the mean penis length.