M. Boroditsky et al., Spontaneous emission extraction and Purcell enhancement from thin-film 2-Dphotonic crystals, J LIGHTW T, 17(11), 1999, pp. 2096-2112
Electromagnetic band structure can produce either an enhancement or a suppr
ession of spontaneous emission from two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal
thin films. We believe that such effects might be important for light emitt
ing diodes. Our experiments were based on thin-film InGaAs/InP 2-D photonic
crystals at ambient temperature, but the concepts would apply equally to I
nGaN thin films, for example. We show that the magnitude of Purcell enhance
ment factor, F-p similar to 2, for spatially extended band modes, is simila
r to that for a tiny mode in a three-dimensional (3-D) nanocavity. Nonethel
ess, light extraction enhancement that arises from Zone folding or Bragg sc
attering of the photonic bands is probably the more important effect, and a
n external quantum efficiency > 50% is possible. Angle resolved photolumine
scence from inside the photonic crystal gives a direct spectral readout of
the internal 2-D photonic band dispersion. The tradeoffs for employing vari
ous photonic crystal structures in high efficiency light-emitting diodes ar
e analyzed.