Ia. Rauf et al., Gas-phase nucleation during chemical vapor deposition of copper films and its effect on the resistivity of deposited films, J MATER RES, 14(11), 1999, pp. 4345-4350
A study of the electrical resistivity and microstructure of thin copper fil
ms deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition from copper (I) hexa
fluoroacetylacetonate vinyltrimethylsilane (Cupra Select) was undertaken. E
vidence for the nucleation of solid copper in the gas phase at substrate te
mperatures of about 250 degrees C is presented. A process to predict the ef
fects of gas-phase nucleation and growth on the electrical resistivity of t
he resulting film is discussed.