Diphallia and the VATER association

Diphallia or duplication of the penis is an extremely rare congenital abnor mality(1) that is usually associated with anomalies of other parts of the g enitourinary tract and distant organs. Abnormalities of the male external g enitalia frequently occur with the VATER association, which is diagnosed by at least 3 features, including vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, tracheoe sophageal fistula with esophageal atresia and radial or renal defects. To o ur knowledge no case of diphallia and the VATER association has previously been described.