T. Timchenko et al., A single Rep protein initiates replication of multiple genome components of faba bean necrotic yellows virus, a single-stranded DNA virus of plants, J VIROLOGY, 73(12), 1999, pp. 10173-10182
Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) belongs to the nanoviruses, plant
viruses whose genome consists of multiple circular single-stranded DNA comp
onents. Eleven distinct DNAs, 5 of which encode different replication initi
ator (Rep) proteins, have been identified in two FBNYV isolates. Origin-spe
cific DNA cleavage and nucleotidyl transfer activities were shown for Rep1
and Rep2 proteins in vitro, and their essential tyrosine residues that cata
lyze these reactions were identified by site-directed mutagenesis. In addit
ion, we showed that Rep1 and Repa proteins hydrolyze ATP, and by changing t
he key lysine residue in the proteins' nucleoside triphosphate binding site
s, demonstrated that this ATPase activity is essential for multiplication o
f virus DNA in vivo. Each of the five FBNYV Rep proteins initiated replicat
ion of the DNA molecule by which it was encoded, but only Rep2 was able to
initiate replication of all the six other genome components. Furthermore, o
f the five rep components, only the Rep2-encoding DNA was always detected i
n 55 FBNYV samples from eight countries. These data provide experimental ev
idence for a master replication protein encoded by a multicomponent single-
stranded DNA virus.