COMMUTING STRESS - PROBLEMS OF DEFINITION AND VARIABLE IDENTIFICATION

Although researchers recognise the commuting experience as a potential source of stress, findings regarding its impact on various individual and organisational outcomes have been inconclusive. In the present pa per, a review of relevant studies that examined the potential influenc e of commuting stress on psychological, physiological, and behavioural strain measures is reported and inconsistencies noted. A model linkin g objective and subjective measures of the stressor directly and indir ectly to outcome is described. It is suggested that by including sever al critical moderators, such as control, predictability, and time urge ncy, predictions emanating from commuting stress stimuli can be enhanc ed.