Individual solution processes while solving addition and multiplication math facts in adults

Contrary to predictions of current solution process models, adults used a v ariety of procedures other than retrieval to solve addition and multiplicat ion math facts. Predictors assumed to capture retrieval processes posited b y such models did account for a substantial proportion of variance in avera ged retrieval solution times. But most of the variance in individual partic ipants' retrieval times remained unaccounted for. Cross-operation associati ons in patterns of strategy use and retrieval latencies were obtained. Adul ts with stronger higher level math achievement were more likely to use retr ieval, solved math facts faster and less variably, and executed retrieval p recesses posited by current solution process models faster than participant s with less math attainment. The results are explained within the context o f the adaptive strategy choice model.