Retrospective revaluation or mediated conditioning? The effect of different reinforcers

It is becoming accepted that the associative strength of a cue can change i n its absence. However, the rules that govern the association of the repres entations of absent cues are in dispute. There is evidence to support both the idea that the representation of a cue is associated in the same fashion as the cue itself(e.g. Holland, 1990) and the contrary idea that the repre sentation will be associated in the opposite manner to the cue itself (e.g. Dickinson & Burke, 1996). In three experiments an aversion to almond was f ormed by the pairing of the induction of nausea by lithium chloride injecti on with a context previously paired with almond. In addition in the third e xperiment an aversion was formed to almond when a flavoured solution previo usly paired with quinine was drunk in a context previously paired with almo nd. These results suggest that the rules governing the association of the r epresentations of absent cues depend on the type of reinforcer.