Long term improvement of hematopoiesis following cyclosporine treatment ina patient with myelodysplastic syndrome

Current treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is unsati sfactory. Very recently, immunosuppressive treatment strategies have been g aining interest. We report a patient with transfusion-dependent MDS who ach ieved significant hematopoietic improvement following cyclosporine (CsA) th erapy and who is now transfusion independent for more than 5 years. This si ngle observation supports the view that CsA, among other immunosuppressive agents, could play an important role in future treatment concepts in MDS an d may lead to clinically relevant and sustained improvement of hematopoiesi s in a subset of patients.