Realization of ethical motivation under various structures of surgical leadership

The first century of modern surgery was dominated by strong personalities e ach of which have formed a leading surgical school and a great hospital. Th is was beneficial for the young science as long as all areas of the develop ing surgery could be mastered by one single man. A consequence of great and ever faster progress in all sciences and particulary in medicine is a more and more narrower specialisation. This trend has made it impossible for an individual to be on the forefront of developments in the major surgical di sciplines. Thus, to fulfill important tasks and especially for further prog ress it is mandatory to use the diverse skills of different individuals as a team.