Impact of cetirizine on the burden of allergic rhinitis

Objective: The goals of this article include the reporting of the epidemiol ogy, economic and medical impact of allergic rhinitis. In addition, the pha rmacology and clinical profile of the therapeutic agent cetirizine are revi ewed. Data sources: A detailed literature search was conducted. References are li mited to the English language and human subjects and tissues. Studies consi dered relevant and important over the past 20 years are highlighted. Study selection: Prevalence and morbidity data were chosen from more recent assessments. Because cetirizine is a relatively new compound, studies from the past several years from peer-reviewed journals have been emphasized. Results: Allergic rhinitis affects between 15% and 25% of the US general po pulation. It shares common pathophysiologic mechanisms with conjunctivitis and asthma and predisposes to nasal infections, otitis media, sinusitis, na sal polyposis, and orthodontic malocclusions. Direct medical care costs amo unt to up to 3 billion dollars every year. In addition, the quality of life of affected individuals is substantially compromised. Cetirizine is a potent H-1-receptor antagonist and has anti-inflammatory pr operties. It does not interact with concomitantly administered medications, has no cardiac adverse effects, and does not appear to be associated with teratogenicity. Impairment of CNS function is comparable to other low-sedat ing antihistamines at the recommended dose of 10 mg daily for adults. Its c linical efficacy for allergic respiratory diseases has been established in numerous trials. Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis causes considerable suffering. Cetirizine, w ith a fine risk-benefit ratio, can be a most valuable therapeutic option.