Blood salvage in craniosynostosis surgery

In the history of surgery, every single step forward in the development of complex surgical techniques has been sustained by the acquisition of more r eliable and effective methods for controlling hemostasis. For many years, i n fact, uncontrolled hemorrhages, together with infections, represented the most deadly hazard of surgical procedures. In the last century, technical advances in surgical hardware and homologous blood transfusions have been u tilized to counteract operative and postoperative anemia and hypovolemia. A t the end of this millennium, however, new revelations about the infective and noninfective risks of allogeneic blood transfusions have led to a new a cceleration in patients' and physicians' demands for autologous transfusion s and more efficient blood conservation techniques. Specific surgical proto cols, based on the preoperative administration of r-HuEPO, preoperative aut ologous blood donation, acute preoperative normovolemic hemodilution and in traoperative blood salvage techniques, have been designed by pediatric neur osurgeons to minimize the exposure of patients affected by craniosynostoses to allogeneic blood and blood components even when the surgical procedure is to be realized at an early age. In spite of the evolution expected in th is area in the immediate future, the implementation of these blood concentr ation methodologies may prove to be highly effective only when associated w ith a concerned attitude of the surgeon toward blood-sparing intraoperative strategies.