This article describes the art and science of continuous performance measur
ement and applications for quality improvement in anatomic pathology. Numer
ous novel benchmarks derived from multi-institutional data acquired from th
e College of American Pathologists Q-Probes quality improvement program are
illustrated as they relate to specific disciplines in anatomic pathology a
nd aspects of the total testing cycle. Comparative data quantifying perform
ance deficiencies and opportunities for practice improvement are also ident
ified.