A fusion power plant possesses not only intrinsic advantages with respect t
o safety compared to other sources of energy, but also a negligible long te
rm impact on the environment provided certain precautions are taken in its
design and in the selection of structural materials. This was studied by th
e SEAFP (Safety and Environment Assessment of Fusion Power). Programme and
studies for the long term have been pursued in Europe in the Framework of t
he SEAFP2 Program. An attempt is made to distinguish the safety options to
be integrated into a fusion reactor. A vast range of postulated accidents h
ave been analyzed involving parametric studies and special consideration ha
s also been given to the waste management. The safety approach is reviewed
in the light of the safety principles and nuclear regulatory reference syst
em existing at international level. In addition lessons have been learnt fr
om the safety analysis performed for ITER. It is confirmed that it is possi
ble to fully benefit from the advantages of fusion energy if safety and env
ironmental concerns are taken into account when considering the first prosp
ective studies of a reactor design. Improvements in this way will need the
continuation of R&D on reactor design and materials as well as specific R&D
on safety aspects. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.