Most of the NaCl ingested by marine birds is reabsorbed from renal filtrate
and excreted by the cephalic salt glands as a hypertonic NaCl secretion (S
GS). Ducks have salt glands and their kidney cells have melatonin receptors
, Melatonin affects glomerular filtration rate and tubular uptake of sodium
(Na+) in mammals. We hypothesized that (1) duck salt glands also have mela
tonin receptors and (2) melatonin affects extrarenal Na+ secretion. Both hy
potheses were accepted because putative melatonin receptors were identified
by 2[I-125]iodomelatonin binding in salt glands of Pekin ducks, Anas platy
rhynchos, and because melatonin inhibited SGS in these ducks. Saline ingest
ion increased B-max, but not K-d, Of Salt gland receptors. The duration of
NaCl infusion needed to stimulate: SGS was positively related with preinfus
ion plasma melatonin concentration ([mel](pl)). Raising [mel](pl) prior to
NaCl infusion further delayed onset of secretion and decreased secretion ra
te and concentration without affecting plasma volume and Na+ concentration.
Abrupt increase in [mel](pl) during SGS immediately decreased the rate by
43%. Secretion rate remained lower than the control rate during the subsequ
ent hour; secretion concentration was not affected. This is the first repor
t of putative melatonin binding sites in avian salt glands. Melatonin slowe
d the onset of NaCl-induced salt gland secretion and decreased its rate. (C
) 1999 Academic Press.