The effect of inclusion of environmental risk factors on the power of sib-p
air linkage methods was tested for a qualitative trait. It was found that i
nclusion of an environmental variable did not increase the power of the Has
eman-Elston (H-E) sib-pair nonparametric linkage analysis test. However, a
significant increase in power was observed for both the H-E and affected-si
b-pair tests, even in small samples, when persons unexposed to the environm
ental risk factor were coded as unknown. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.