Cancer of the base of the tongue: Past and future

Background. Squamous cell carcinomas of the base of the tongue often are di agnosed at advanced stages, in a context of undernutrition with a history o f smoking and alcoholism. The local treatment of these tumours is based on external irradiation, either alone or combined with brachytherapy, followed by salvage surgery in the case of failure. Surgery was rarely performed as first-line treatment in our institution until 1992. Methods. From 1960 to 1992, 216 patients were treated, without prior select ion, according to the same protocol comprising external irradiation and sal vage surgery in the case of failure. The tumour classification (UICC 88) wa s as follows: 14% of T1, 26% of T2, 44% of T3; 16% of T4; the median age wa s 58 years; tumour regression was evaluated during and at the end of irradi ation. Results. The locoregional control rates were 45% at 5 years, 37% at 10 year s: 82% at 5 and 10 years for stage I, 65% and 54% for stage II, 51% and 45% for stage III, 35% and 32% for stage IV. Overall survival rates were 27% a t 5 years and 14% at 10 years; 53% and 27% for stage I, 34% and 17% for sta ges II and III, 18% and 12% for stage IV. Causes of death were primarily lo cal failures (58%), intercurrent disease (15%), metastases (10%), and secon d cancers (8%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated three predictive factors of locoregional control and survival: tumour regression at the end of irra diation (p= 0.0001), age (p = 0.04), and tumour stage (p = 0.06). Conclusion. The results of this retrospective series confirm the poor progn osis of tumours of the base of the tongue. Irradiation and surgery remain t he standard treatments; possibilities of improvement are currently under ev aluation, such as acceleration of irradiation, and concomitant radiochemoth erapy combinations, which currently appear to be the most promising approac hes. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 21: 751-759, 1999.