Brain biochemistry using magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Relevance to psychiatric illness in the elderly

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows for the noninvasive study of c erebral biochemistry. It has been used to investigate cerebral metabolic ch anges associated with mental illness in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we will discuss the application of MRS to psychiatric illness in the elderl y. Following a brief description of the basic principles of MRS, the use of phosphorus (31P) and proton (1H) MRS to enable a better understanding of n ormal brain aging, dementia (Alzheimer's disease, multiple subcortical infa rct dementia, Down syndrome, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, ag e-associated memory impairment, and other dementias), major depression, and electroconvulsive therapy is detailed.