An experiment on injection upsetting

Injection upsetting of aluminum bat of 8 mm diameter was carried out at lab oratory scale. The forming load or the effective punch pressure was success fully estimated by a simple equation based on "ideal deformation" method. V ery low values of coefficient of friction of container wall were evaluated for beef tallow and a favorable condition of lubrication was suggested to e xist in the container in this process. In a case where the flange thickness is equal to the biller diameter, surface strains were measured by a grid m ethod, and the distributions and histories of strains and stresses on the f lange surface were demonstrated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.