The ratio of the Cs-133 and proton mass has been determined by comparing th
e cyclotron frequencies of highly charged (about 40+) Cs,Cs-12(4+), and H-2
(+) ions in a Penning trap. This ratio is determined to 131.91535591(24)(15
), which is a tenfold improvement in accuracy over the previously determine
d value. This result may be used to improve the knowledge of the line struc
ture constant alpha, in a way which does not require detailed QED calculati
ons.