DNA topoisomerase II is a homodimeric molecular machine that couples ATP us
age to the transport of one DNA segment through a transient break in anothe
r segment. In the presence of a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, the enzyme is k
nown to promote a single turnover of DNA transport. Current models for the
enzyme's mechanism based on this result have hydrolysis of two ATPs as the
last step, used only to reset the enzyme for another round of reaction. Usi
ng rapid-quench techniques, topoisomerase II recently was shown to hydrolyz
e its two bound ATPs in a strictly sequential manner. This result is incong
ruous with the models based on the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog data. Here we
present evidence that hydrolysis of one ATP by topoisomerase II precedes,
and accelerates, DNA transport. These results indicate that important featu
res of this enzyme's mechanism previously have been overlooked because of t
he reliance on nonhydrolyzable analogs for studying a single reaction turno
ver. A model for the mechanism of topoisomerase II is presented to show how
hydrolysis of one ATP could drive DNA transport.