The crystal structure of a T cell receptor in complex with peptide and MHCclass II

The crystal structure of a complex involving the D10 T cell receptor (TCR), 16-residue foreign peptide antigen, and the I-A(k) self major histocompati bility complex (MHC) class II molecule is reported at 3.2 angstrom resoluti on. The D10 TCR is oriented in an orthogonal mode relative to its peptide-M HC (pMHC) Ligand, necessitated by the amino-terminal extension of peptide r esidues projecting from the MHC class II antigen-binding groove as part of a mini beta sheet. Consequently, the disposition of D10 complementarity-det ermining region Loops is altered relative to that of most pMHCI-specific TC Rs; the Latter TCRs assume a diagonal orientation, although with substantia l variability. Peptide recognition, which involves P-1 to P8 residues, is d ominated by the V alpha domain, which also binds to the class II MHC beta(1 ) helix. That docking is Limited to one segment of MHC-bound peptide offers an explanation for epitope recognition and altered peptide Ligand effects, suggests a structural basis for alloreactivity, and illustrates how bacter ial superantigens can span the TCR-pMHCII surface.