Chemical and electrochemical polymerisation of pyrrole in the presence of N-substituted carbazoles

Carbazole, N-ethylcarbazole and N-vinylcarbazole were polymerised in the pr esence of pyrrole both chemically by eerie ammonium nitrate (CAN), and elec trochemically. The resulting products (homopolymers, copolymers and composi tes) were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) a nd UV-Visible spectroscopy, 4-point probe conductivity measurements, scanni ng electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis and X-ray measurements. Th e specific electrical conductivity of the chemically synthesised homopolyme rs and composites can be increased in comparison to that of the electrochem ical ones, depending on the concentration and addition rate of CAN. The con ductivities of copolymers obtained by using CAN are in the range of 10(-7)- 10(-3) S cm(-1). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.