The development and applications of thermal biosensors for bioprocess monitoring

Enzyme thermistors are biosensors that use thermal resistors to measure the heat change caused by an enzymatic reaction. They combine the selectivity of enzymes with the sensitivity of biosensors and allow continuous analysis in a flow-injection mode. They can be used to monitor fermentation systems , biocatalysis, enzyme-catalysed synthesis and clinical and food technology . This article gives an overview of the general principles of enzyme thermi stors, the sampling process and the ongoing developments in the field of bi oprocess monitoring.