REJUVENATION OF THE UPPER FACE - A LOGICAL GAMUT OF SURGICAL OPTIONS

Despite advances in techniques, aesthetic surgeons must realize that n ot every patient requires a complete forehead rejuvenation. This artic le discusses the contemporary armamentarium for forehead rejuvenation. Injection of botulinum toxin for glabella furrows is minimally invasi ve but only temporarily effective. Fat injection and fat grafts are us eful for patients with a limited number of wrinkles and frown lines. S ubcutaneous brow elevation provides direct correction of the forehead wrinkling by dividing the subcutaneous septae responsible for the furr ows. Endoscopic techniques facilitate forehead rejuvenation with less morbidity and greater patient acceptance. Detailed descriptions of the spectrum of surgical options for forehead rejuvenation are included.