A typical case of primary neonatal hyperparathyroidism (PNH) is reported. A
study of the family found no evidence of familial hypercalcemia with hypoc
alciuria (FHH). The relationships between PNH and FHH are discussed, Conven
tional medical therapy is only partly effective in reducing the serum calci
um levels, which are extremely high initially. Addition of a bisphosphonate
and of calcitonin allows to return serum calcium levels to normal before s
urgery.