A wealth of information has been gained from completely sequenced genomes.
So far, most of the sequenced genomes are bacterial genomes. In addition to
the basic metabolic pathways, various bacterial genomes encode pathogenici
ty, degradation of xenobiotics, synthesis of unusual compounds, or photosyn
thesis. The knowledge of the complete DNA sequence of bacterial genomes can
facilitate considerably studies of these features as well as their practic
al applications in biotechnology. Many open reading frames (ORFs) found in
bacterial genomes are identified with their function by a similarity search
of standard databases. However, some of the bacterial genome projects are
concluded by depositing the nucleotide sequence in a database with no simpl
e means to study functions of those ORFs for which a similarity search did
not allow convincing functional assignments. It is desirable to develop sys
tems for easy functional analysis of these ORFs. Rhodobacter capsulatus is
a bacterium that has the potential for developing such systems. Its genome
harbors a defective phage called Gene Transfer Agent (GTA) that enables sys
tematic deletions of DNA regions of various sizes. This unique feature, tog
ether with photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, degradation of several pollut
ants, and synthesis of biodegradable plastic encoded by the R. capsulatus g
enome, make this bacterium an attractive subject of biotechnological applic
ations.